Integrating heat pump technology into ethanol-water distillation: Influence of grid carbon intensity and carbon pricing on carbon footprint and process economics

John J. Fitzpatrick

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2026.113162

Integrating heat pump technology into ethanol-water distillation: Influence of grid carbon intensity and carbon pricing on carbon footprint and process economics

2026-05-07

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John J. Fitzpatrick *

I

Isabel Kehoe

M

Mary A. O’Sullivan

DOI：10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2026.113162

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• VC, VRC and BF heat pumps were compared to gas boiler for heat supply. • VRC and BF heat pumps had lowest carbon footprints. • Low grid carbon intensity coupled with carbon pricing favours heat pumps economically. • This improved economics incentivises processors to invest in heat pumps. • This can help processors in their “drive for net zero” carbon emissions.

Keywords:

heat pump technology

carbon footprint

grid carbon intensity

carbon pricing

ethanol-water distillation

Integrating heat pump technology into ethanol-water distillation: Influence of grid carbon intensity and carbon pricing on carbon footprint and process economics

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