LED-Array-Based Visible Light Positioning Toward Location-Enabled IoT: Design, Method, and Evaluation

Xiaoxiang Cao

doi:10.1109/JIOT.2023.3301868

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LED-Array-Based Visible Light Positioning Toward Location-Enabled IoT: Design, Method, and Evaluation

2024-02-01

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DOI：10.1109/JIOT.2023.3301868

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Abstract

En 中文

Visible light positioning (VLP), characterized by high accuracy, low power consumption, cost effectiveness, and eco-friendliness, has garnered substantial attention in Internet of Things (IoT) positioning applications. However, the commonly used received signal strength (RSS)-based multianchor methods exhibit limitations in addressing certain challenging scenarios, such as tilted receivers, nonuniform light intensity, and narrow spaces, while incurring additional expenses for wiring and controllers. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel VLP system utilizing a custom-designed light-emitting diode (LED) array. Initially, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the array's size, layout, and specialized LED design, referencing prevalent household lamps to ensure that the devised array fulfills both illumination and positioning functions. Subsequently, a phase-difference-based ranging and localization method is introduced to supplement the array. By assuming equidistance among the specialized LEDs, a base distance is established for global distance calculations. Our proposed method not only eliminates the need for model calibration in RSS-based approaches but also excels in addressing challenging situations that RSS-based methods fail to resolve. Furthermore, we incorporate the Cramer-Rao lower bound and the geometric dilution of precision to assess the theoretical performance and efficacy of the proposed method. Simulation experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed array and method, taking into account various error sources, such as time synchronization errors and receiver noise. Results demonstrate that our proposed method's average localization error is less than 10 cm under various influences and diverse scenarios, which can fulfill a wide range of IoT applications' requirements. Moreover, it holds the potential to replace commonly used household lamps.

Keywords:

Light emitting diodes

Internet of Things

Location awareness

Receivers

Layout

Distance measurement

Phased arrays

Challenging scenarios

light-emitting diode (LED) array

phase difference estimation

visible light positioning (VLP)