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Livestock production efficiency, technological heterogeneity, and total factor productivity dynamics in the world's top 50 livestock-producing countries
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DOI：10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103168.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Livestock efficiency varies significantly across 50 countries. • Meta-frontier reveals income-group technology gaps (TGR: 0.76–0.94). • TFP growth averages 2.0% annually, driven by efficiency change. • Lower-middle-income countries lead productivity growth at 2.8%. • Including CH4 and N2O emissions enables a comprehensive eco-efficiency assessment.
Keywords:
Livestock production efficiency
Total factor productivity
Meta-frontier analysis
Technology gap ratio
Cross-country analysis
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