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Microwave-optimized extraction, HPLC-ESI-MS characterization of Chemlal (Olea europaea L.) olive seed and its antioxidant and antibacterial bioactivity
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DOI：10.1007/s11694-026-04828-3.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an effective approach for recovering bioactive compounds. However, optimizing this process is essential to ensure high yield and preserve the functional properties of the extracts. In this context, the present study applied a Central Composite Design face-centered (CCD) face-centered of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the parameters of MAE of olive seed total phenolics (TP). Various factors (power, irradiation time, solvent concentration, L/S ratio) were evaluated. Phenolic compounds were quantified by spectrophotometry and characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS. Antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant activity (TAA) assays, while antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Escherichia coli. The optimization of the MAE process enabled the identification of the optimal operating conditions: an extraction solvent concentration of 80%, an irradiation duration of 87 s, a microwave power of 900 W, and a L/S ratio of 40 mL/g. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed ferulic acid glucoside as the major compound (28.67 µg/g), alongside oleuropein aglycone and hydroxytyrosol. The optimized extract showed strong antioxidant activity with IC50s of 0.76 ± 0.01, 1.79 ± 0.26, 239.53 ± 50.96, and 194.71 ± 6.67 mg/mL for DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and TAA, respectively. The extract showed high efficacy against S. aureus (MIC = 0.39 mg/mL, MBC = 25 mg/mL) and B. subtilis (MIC = 12.5 mg/mL, MBC/MIC = 1.5). Optimization of MAE by RSM yielded a polyphenol-rich extract with strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties, confirming its potential for pharmaceutical applications.
Keywords:
Olive seed
Microwave
Extraction
Phenolics
Maximization
Biological activities
Journal
J
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3.3
Papers:
1.3K
Citations:
1.1W
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