Monte Carlo simulation-based risk assessment of oral exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenols, and phthalates via consumption of fruit juice samples collected from Iran market

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2026.109009

Monte Carlo simulation-based risk assessment of oral exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenols, and phthalates via consumption of fruit juice samples collected from Iran market

2026-02-20

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OA

AI

S

Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh

G

Ghazaleh Tabriznia Tabrizi

Christina Tsitsimpikou

DOI：10.1016/j.jfca.2026.109009

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Abstract

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• Maximum mean level of PAHs was in grape juices in all packagings. • Maximum mean concentration of bisphenols was found in canned samples. • Maximum mean concentration of phthalates was found in cans and PET packaging, respectively. • For PAHs, at 50th and 90th centiles, ILCR and MOE values indicated no risk. • HQs for bisphenols and phthalates were <1 at 50th and 90th centiles. • ILCR values for DEHP were below 10−6, indicating no carcinogenic risk.

Keywords:

Bisphenol A

Chronic exposure

Environmental contaminants

Exposure assessment

Monte Carlo simulation-based risk assessment of oral exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenols, and phthalates via consumption of fruit juice samples collected from Iran market

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