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Nano-drug delivery systems of natural products in cardiovascular therapy: From mechanistic insights to precision targeting
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DOI：10.1016/j.apsb.2026.07.037.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Accumulating evidence has showed promising effects of the natural products for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, their clinical transformational application is often limited by off-target effects and poor bioavailability. Natural products possess multi-target therapeutic potential but are hindered by poor solubility and instability. Advanced nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer a transformative strategy to enhance bioavailability and enable targeted delivery, allowing controlled release at pathological sites. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in NDDS for natural products in CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiotoxicity, cardiomyopathy, heart failure and thrombosis. We highlight how nanoplatforms—liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, and biomimetic systems—engineered with polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, and other bioactive compounds, precisely modulate the key pathological processes: inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, apoptosis, ferroptosis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite numerous preclinical studies in models of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiotoxicity, challenges remain in clinical translation, mechanistic depth, multicomponent delivery, and long-term safety. Future directions should focus on expanding the natural product repertoire, designing combinatorial and multi-targeted nano-systems, and advancing toward early clinical evaluation to realize the potential of natural-product-based nanomedicine in precise cardiovascular therapy.
Keywords:
Nano-drug delivery system
Natural products
Cardiovascular diseases
Targeted therapy
Inflammation
Oxidative stress
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