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New AI for Quantum Computing: From Quantum Optimization to Quantum Intelligence
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DOI：10.1109/jas.2026.125765.png)
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Abstract
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How far are we from quantum computers that serve everyone? More than a century has passed since quantum mechanics reshaped our understanding of nature, and in 2025, the Nobel Prize in physics once again honored breakthroughs in quantum mechanics for macroscopic quantum tunneling, a sign that quantum theory is stepping from abstraction into the tangible world. Yet for most people, quantum computers still seem as distant as the early mainframes once were. When Thomas Watson of IBM predicted that only a handful of computers would suffice for global needs almost 80 years ago, few could imagine that within decades, personal computers would become household tools. Today, diverse prototypes are steadily scaling up in qubit number and control precision, from superconducting qubits to trapped ions and photonic chips. Meanwhile, the quantum processing unit (QPU) is beginning to merge seamlessly with CPUs and GPUs into a unified computational fabric. As advances in quantum computing, quantum optimization, and quantum Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to emerge (as discussed below), a new wave of AI, especially autonomous intelligence, is rapidly unfolding [1], and its coevolution with quantum technologies is opening a promising pathway toward the next generation of intelligent systems under the paradigm of quantum intelligence.
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