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PsychENCODE and beyond: transcriptomics and epigenomics of brain development and organoids
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DOI：10.1038/s41386-020-0763-3.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Crucial decisions involving cell fate and connectivity that shape the distinctive development of the human brain occur in the embryonic and fetal stages-stages that are difficult to access and investigate in humans. The last decade has seen an impressive increase in resources-from atlases and databases to biological models-that is progressively lifting the curtain on this critical period. In this review, we describe the current state of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic datasets charting the development of normal human brain with a particular focus on recent single-cell technologies. We discuss the emergence of brain organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells as a model to compensate for the limited availability of fetal tissue. Indeed, comparisons of neural lineages, transcriptional dynamics, and noncoding element activity between fetal brain and organoids have helped identify gene regulatory networks functioning at early stages of brain development. Altogether, we argue that large multi-omics investigations have pushed brain development into the big data era, and that current and future transversal approaches needed to leverage both fetal brain and organoid resources promise to answer major questions of brain biology and psychiatry.
Keywords:
SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS
PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS
GENOME-WIDE EXPRESSION
OUTER RADIAL GLIA
CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS
SELF-ORGANIZATION
ENHANCER ACTIVITY
SYSTEMATIC DISSECTION
REGULATORY ELEMENTS
GENETIC-VARIATION
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