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Research Progress on Solid-State Fermentation Parameter Optimization and Related Technological Innovations
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DOI：10.3390/fermentation12090412.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Organic waste causes severe pollution, while agriculture lacks quality fertilizers. Solid-state fermentation solves both issues. Nevertheless, traditional methods are slow and lead to nitrogen loss. They also emit greenhouse gases and yield uneven products. This fails to reach modern low-carbon standards. We urgently need efficient solid-state fermentation systems. Therefore, this review summarizes recent advances in parameter optimization and cutting-edge innovations. Firstly, key solid-state fermentation operational parameters, such as carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, aeration frequency, temperature, humidity and pH, are analyzed. The optimization of these parameters facilitates nitrogen retention and mitigates pollutant emissions. Secondly, emerging enhancement strategies are discussed. Elaboration on the electron-shuttle effect of modified biochar and advances in synthetic microbial consortia is provided. For process coupling, the mechanisms of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) combined with solid-state fermentation are explored. Bioelectrochemically assisted solid-state fermentation (MCFT/BFC) based on Direct Inter-Species Electron Transfer (DIET) is also examined. Furthermore, feasible mitigation approaches for pollutants including greenhouse gases and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are summarized. Subsequently, the applications of mathematical models, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence in solid-state fermentation are introduced. Finally, current challenges in large-scale application and risk management are analyzed. Future prospects involving multi-omics, life cycle assessment (LCA), and functional customization are discussed. Low-carbon solutions for high-value waste utilization are provided in this review.
Keywords:
solid-state fermentation
biochar electron shuttle
bioelectrochemical
hydrothermal carbonization
IoT-based technologies
resource utilization
Journal
F
IF:
3.3
Papers:
90
Citations:
0