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The combination of a complex non-microbial biostimulant and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases yield under salt stress in lettuce and tomato by enhancing energy metabolism
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DOI：10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103174.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Combining biostimulants increased yield more than 28% under salinity in both crops. • Joint application induced GA4 accumulation and enhanced energy metabolism in both crops. • Yield increase may be explained by common and species-specific mechanisms for each crop. • This study provides a mechanistic basis for integrated biostimulant strategies in conventional and organic horticulture.
Keywords:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Microbial–non-microbial biostimulant interaction
Salinity tolerance
Ion homeostasis
Energy metabolism
Metabolomics
Plant stress physiology
Rhizophagus irregularis
Sustainable crop production
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