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Trade-offs and synergies of integrated nitrogen–sulfur management for sustainable Indian mustard: yield, profitability, and soil resilience under semi-arid conditions
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DOI：10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103167.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Split US-II (50B–50TD) increased mustard seed yield by 27.6% over No-S control. • N and S use efficiency improved up to 38% and 42% under US-II split application. • Slow-release US-II supplied 50–60% S between EVS–flowering, supporting peak demand. • Soil DHA and MBC increased by 13.5% and 7.7%, respectively, under US-II split S. • Sulfur availability index rose to 8.74 with US-II, enhancing soil resilience and health.
Keywords:
soil health
food
energy
food security
microbial-mediated nutrients management
SAI
sulfur availability index
SUE
sulfur use efficiency
NUE
nitrogen use efficiency
EVS
early vegetative stage
F
flowering stage
SFS
seed filling stage
MBC
microbial biomass carbon
DHA
dehydrogenase activity
ASP
aryl sulphatase
SSP
single super phosphate
BNT
bentonite sulfur
AS
ammonium sulphate
US-I
sulphonated urea I
US-II
sulphonated urea II
S
sulfur
N
nitrogen
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