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Ultra-Thin Broadband Optical Skin Based on Graphene-Stack Electrochemical Structure via Ion Intercalation Tuning
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DOI：10.1109/led.2026.3692160.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Smart optical skins play a critical role in camouflage and intelligent thermal management. Nevertheless, realizing broadband optical modulation within ultra-thin display architectures continue to pose a substantial technical challenge. Graphene’s zero-bandgap structure facilitates broadband optical absorption modulation through the continuous modulation of its Fermi level. Among various methods, electrochemical intercalation stands out for its low power consumption and robust cycling stability based on an ultra-thin film architecture. This study introduces an innovative optical display panel based on the lithium-ion electrochemical intercalation method. Experimental results demonstrate that dynamic modulation of the Fermi level achieves a reflectance modulation of 43.07% across the visible spectrum and a transmittance modulation of 35.75% within the long-wave infrared region. A 64-pixel array device—fabricated using a fully flexible material system—achieves a total integration thickness of only <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$225~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. The device exhibits a rapid spectral switching time of 491 ms, while maintaining pixel dimensions below 3 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. Moreover, the modulated graphene sustains a temperature differential of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$17.2~^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C with respect to the background temperature of the heat source. This study establishes both a robust physical foundation and a scalable technical framework to advance the development of multispectral surfaces and next-generation wearable electronics.
Keywords:
Graphene
optical display
broadband
ultra-thin
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