Pathogenic mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities

Walter H. Moos

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114809

Pathogenic mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities

2021-11-01

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Constantin Tamvakopoulos

Konstantina Sampani *

DOI：10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114809

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Herein we trace links between biochemical pathways, pathogenesis, and metabolic diseases to set the stage for new therapeutic advances. Cellular and acellular microorganisms including bacteria and viruses are primary pathogenic drivers that cause disease. Missing from this statement are subcellular compartments, importantly mitochondria, which can be pathogenic by themselves, also serving as key metabolic disease intermediaries. The breakdown of food molecules provides chemical energy to power cellular processes, with mitochondria as powerhouses and ATP as the principal energy carrying molecule. Most animal cell ATP is produced by mitochondrial synthase; its central role in metabolism has been known for >80 years. Metabolic disorders involving many organ systems are prevalent in all age groups. Progressive pathogenic mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of genetic mitochondrial diseases, the most common phenotypic expression of inherited metabolic disorders. Confluent genetic, metabolic, and mitochondrial axes surface in diabetes, heart failure, neurodegenerative disease, and even in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.

Keywords:

Mitochondrial diseases

Disorders

Dysfunction

Metabolic abnormalities

Diseases

Homeostasis

Pathogenesis

Reprogramming

Biochemical pathways

Physiological networks

Pathogenesis and pathogenic drivers

Therapeutics

Pathogenic mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities

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