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tRNA modifications in viral replication
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DOI：10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111430.png)
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摘要
En 中文
tRNA修饰是在外部和细胞应激条件下对转录后基因表达调控的关键因素。病毒感染是一种常见的外部应激，它会劫持细胞过程以进行复制。宿主细胞的tRNA池和修饰谱在病毒感染期间通常会被重塑，从而引发促病毒和抗病毒效应。宿主tRNA修饰的变化，特别是在反密码子序列中的变化，有能力重编程宿主和病毒的蛋白质组。例如，反密码环修饰有助于产生某些病毒蛋白所必需的程序性核糖体移码。然而，tRNA修饰在病毒感染中的作用并不仅限于翻译过程。反转录病毒使用选择的宿主细胞tRNA作为反转录引物，而修饰则调节反转录过程中的各个步骤。此外，一些非引物修饰的tRNA被选择性地包装到病毒颗粒中，尽管其功能尚不清楚。病毒编码的tRNA含有修饰，以扩展反密码子池，因为宿主tRNA被耗尽。在病毒感染后，多种tRNA修饰酶的表达和活性受到调控，其功能意义有待阐明。tRNA修饰参与抗病毒防御，特别是在病毒感染后，反密码环处的tRNA裂解会导致产生tRNA衍生片段。尽管大多数病毒感染后tRNA修饰景观很可能发生显著改变，但目前的证据仅限于少数特定实例。在病毒感染期间进行全局tRNA组分析将阐明这些及其他过程的调控机制。新兴技术，包括直接tRNA测序的进步以及通过质谱检测修饰的方法，正在使这一目标成为可能。
Keyword:
transfer RNA (tRNA)
RNA modification
viral replication
translation regulation
reverse transcription
codon usage
anti-viral immune response
tRNA-modifying enzymes
tRNA-derived RNA (tDR)
tRNA-like structures (TLS)
AC
anticodon
D
dihydrouridine
PRF
programmed ribosomal frameshifting
TLS
tRNA-like structures
DENV
dengue virus
CHIKV
chikungunya virus
HTLV-1
human T-lymphotropic virus-1
SARS-CoV-2
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
RSV
respiratory syncytial virus
HEV
Hepatitis E virus
SLFN
Schlafen
t6A
N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine
ms2t6A,methylthio-t6A
m1A
1-methyladenosine
HCMV
human cytomegalovirus
yW
wybutosine
m3C
3-methylcytidine
TRMT61A and TRMT6
tRNA methyltransferase 61A and 6
mcm5U
5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine
mcm5s2U
5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine
mchm5U
5-methoxy-carbonyl-hydroxy-methyluridine
ALKBH8
ALKB homolog 8
f5C
5-formylcytidine
f5Cm
5-formyl-2'-O-methylcytidine
Elp1
elongator complex protein 1
I
inosine
i6A
isopentenyl adenosine
Q
queuosine
MCP
major capsid protein
MMTV
mouse mammary tumor virus
BLV
bovine leukemia virus
m1G
1-methylguanosine
s2U34
2-thiouridine
ncRNAs
non-coding RNAs
snRNA
spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA
SRP
signal recognition particle
LysRS
lysyl-tRNA synthetase
NTD
N-terminal domain
m2G
N2-methylguanosine
TLRs
toll-like receptors
CA
capsid
m5C
5-methylcytidine
m6A
N6-methyladenosine
m5U
5-methyluridine
ψ
pseudouridine
m1Gm
1,2'-O-dimethylguanosine
m5Um
5,2'-O-dimethyluridine
LC/MS
liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Am
2′-O-methyladenosine
m6t6A
N6-methyl-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine
Cm, 2'-O-methylcytidine
NC
nucleocapsid
RT
Reverse transcriptase
PBS
primer binding site
PAS
primer activation signal
ASLV
avian sarcoma and leukosis virus
M-MuLV
Moloney murine leukemia virus
PPT
poly-purine tract
+sss
plus-strand strong-stop
TRMT1
tRNA methyltransferase 1
m2,2G
N2,N2-dimethylguanosine
MPro/Nsp5
main protease/non-structural protein 5
HCV
Hepatitis C virus
ANG
angiogenin
s4U
4-thiouridine
acp3U
3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine
k2C
2-lysidine
cmnm5s2U
5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine
TMV
tobacco mosaic virus
TYMV
turnip yellow mosaic virus
ACNases
Anticodon nucleases
mnm5s2U34
5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine
VLE
virus-like elements
SAMD9
sterile alpha motif domain-containing 9
2-5A
2′-5′-linked oligoadenylates
IFNs
type-I interferons
ONT
Oxford nanopore technology
Im
2'-O-methylinosine
m1I
1-methylinosine
m2A
2-methyladenosine
mnm5U
5-methylaminomethyluridine
ncm5U
5-carbamoylmethyluridine
m6Am
N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine
mim-tRNAseq
modification-induced misincorporation tRNA sequencing
AI总结
对已上传原文的论文进行重点信息的提取，主要内容包括：简要概述、研究摘要、背景介绍、关键亮点、图文解析、展望与总结。
期刊
IF:
3.9
论文数:
11.2W
被引数:
28.3W
机构
引用论文
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