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Unlocking saponin biosynthesis in soapwort
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DOI：10.1038/s41589-024-01681-7.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) is a flowering plant from the Caryophyllaceae family with a long history of human use as a traditional source of soap. Its detergent properties are because of the production of polar compounds (saponins), of which the oleanane-based triterpenoid saponins, saponariosides A and B, are the major components. Soapwort saponins have anticancer properties and are also of interest as endosomal escape enhancers for targeted tumor therapies. Intriguingly, these saponins share common structural features with the vaccine adjuvant QS-21 and, thus, represent a potential alternative supply of saponin adjuvant precursors. Here, we sequence the S. officinalis genome and, through genome mining and combinatorial expression, identify 14 enzymes that complete the biosynthetic pathway to saponarioside B. These enzymes include a noncanonical cytosolic GH1 (glycoside hydrolase family 1) transglycosidase required for the addition of d-quinovose. Our results open avenues for accessing and engineering natural and new-to-nature pharmaceuticals, drug delivery agents and potential immunostimulants. Soapwort (Saponariaofficinalis) is a rich reservoir of triterpenoid glycosides that often have important pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and agronomical potential. Here, the authors elucidate the complete biosynthetic pathway of saponarioside B, a major saponin constituent in soapwort.
Keywords:
GLUCOSE-DEPENDENT GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE
TRITERPENOID SAPONINS
NUCLEAR-PORE
ROOTS
ANTHOCYANIN
PROTEIN
TRANSGLUCOSIDASE
VECTORS
SAPORIN
ACID
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