Consistent Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Using SmartPLS

doi:10.1080/10705511.2026.2633754

Consistent Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Using SmartPLS

2026-03-01

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Christian M. Ringle *

DOI：10.1080/10705511.2026.2633754

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This Teacher's Corner article provides a comprehensive illustration of consistent partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSc-SEM), a variant of the original PLS-SEM method, which corrects construct correlations for attenuation. The method thereby allows estimating common factor models within a composite-based SEM framework. Our descriptions draw on SmartPLS 4, the most frequently used software for conducting PLS-SEM analyses, illustrating how to set up and estimate the model and interpret the estimates. We further contrast our results with those from other composite-based SEM estimators and from covariance-based SEM using maximum likelihood estimation, as implemented in SmartPLS.

Keywords:

Consistent partial least squares path modeling

consistent partial least squares structural equation modeling

PLSc-SEM

SmartPLS

tutorial

Consistent Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Using SmartPLS

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